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Brain repair after trauma : birth and migration of immature neurons after focal traumatic brain injury in piglets and human children / by Sabrina Rose Taylor.

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Author	Taylor, Sabrina Rose.
Title	Brain repair after trauma : birth and migration of immature neurons after focal traumatic brain injury in piglets and human children / by Sabrina Rose Taylor.
Date	2013
Abstract	Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of acquired disability in children, yet innate repair mechanisms are incompletely understood. A possible innate mechanism to repair injury after insult is neurogenesis - the birth, migration, differentiation, and integration of new neurons into the established cellular networks of the brain. We used an immature piglet model of controlled cortical impact to analyze the effect of trauma on the neurogenic machinery in the piglet subventricular zone. The aims of this thesis are to: 1. Examine whether neurogenesis occurs in immature piglets and if the mechanisms of this process are localized to specific areas. 2. Investigate the degree to which neurogenesis is altered after injury in the immature piglet. 3. Determine the timing of the processes of proliferation and migration after cortical inpact injury. 4. Interrogate human tissue for a neurogenic response after TBI by applying the techniques and knowledge garnered from our piglet studies. We used immunohistochemistry and stereological techniques to quantify overall cellular proliferation and migrating neuroblasts (new neurons) within the white matter of injured and uninjured piglets and within the dentate gyrus of human children. We also used specific bromodeoxyuridine labeling paradigms in order to examine the timing of birth of newborn neuroblasts in the immature piglet. We first show that injury increases migrating neuroblasts in a hemispheric-dependent manner. We go on to show that the birth of neuroblasts does not occur in the 2 days before and 2 days after cortical impact in the piglet. We further show that injury appears to decrease proliferation and the birth of new neurons by 7 days post-injury in the piglet. Lastly, our studies examining human tissue reveal that the neurogenic machinery is extensive in the human infant, and decreases sharply after 1 year of age. In the tissue from patients in our study, the neurogenic machinery was not affected by trauma. In conclusion, we find that the mechanisms driving
Description	xvii, 188 leaves : ill. (some col.) 28 cm.
Format	application/pdf
Advisor	Anne-Christine Duhaime, Gregory L. Holmes, Brent T. Harris, Susan S. Margulies, Thomas W. McAllister
College	Dartmouth Medical School.
Issuing Body	Dartmouth Dissertations are made available through the Dartmouth Digital Library.
Degree	Thesis (Ph.D.)--Dartmouth College.
Copyright	All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means without permission in writing from the author.
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1349/ddlp.1009

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Brain repair after trauma : birth and migration of immature neurons after focal traumatic brain injury in piglets and human children / by Sabrina Rose Taylor.

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