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Sex-specific interactions of anabolic androgenic steroids with voluntary exercise and chronic alcohol consumption on anxiety-like behaviors in mice (Mus musculus) / by Marie Morenike Onakomaiya.

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Author	Onakomaiya, Marie Morenike.
Title	Sex-specific interactions of anabolic androgenic steroids with voluntary exercise and chronic alcohol consumption on anxiety-like behaviors in mice (Mus musculus) / by Marie Morenike Onakomaiya.
Date	2014
Abstract	The overarching goal of this thesis was two-fold. First, to determine if the effects of chronic anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) treatment on anxiety-like behaviors are sex-specific and second to determine how different environmental modulators interact with AAS to influence anxiety-like behaviors in the two sexes. The importance of this work is also two-fold. First, because the AAS literature (in both humans and animal models) is dominated by data in males, despite significant number of AAS users who are female, it is necessary to explore whether and how AAS might influence affective behaviors differently in females than in males. Second, because the influence of sex-steroids during puberty can be very different than in adulthood, I used an adolescent model of AAS-abuse in order to address the potential impact during this critical period. AAS are synthetic derivatives of testosterone taken illicitly by adolescents and adults of both sexes to improve athletic performance and body image. Chronic AAS exposure produces adverse behavioral effects, most notably on aggression, anxiety and reproductive behaviors, in humans and animal models. In this thesis I confirmed results from previous studies showing chronic exposure to a mixture of three commonly used AAS throughout adolescence augmented generalized anxiety-like behavior in female mice and that these changes reflect increased expression of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in the extended amygdala. I further showed that defensive anxiety-like behavior was also increased by chronic AAS treatment in females. Surprisingly, none of these were altered in male mice after chronic exposure to AAS throughout adolescence. Interestingly, the level of CRF in males was similar to AAS-treated females. In addition to inherent sex-specific differences, I also highlight the importance of considering important "lifesytle" variables like exercise, diet and alcohol consumption that may modulate how AAS affect anxiety and CRF levels in the extended amygdala differently in the two sexes. In sum, the potential impact of this work is that it begins to lay a framework of how AAS impact anxiety differently in males and females that could inform human users.
Description	xxiii, 245 leaves : ill. (some col.)
Format	application/pdf
College	Dartmouth College. Experimental and Molecular Medicine Program. NhDDartmouth Medical School.
Issuing Body	Dartmouth Dissertations are made available through the Dartmouth Digital Library.
Degree	Thesis (Ph.D.)--Dartmouth College.
Copyright	All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means without permission in writing from the author.
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1349/ddlp.1248

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Sex-specific interactions of anabolic androgenic steroids with voluntary exercise and chronic alcohol consumption on anxiety-like behaviors in mice (Mus musculus) / by Marie Morenike Onakomaiya.

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