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Using the eyes to measure the mind : pupil dialation dynamics as a biomarker of online attention / by Olivia E. Kang

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Author	Kang, Olivia E.
Title	Using the eyes to measure the mind : pupil dialation dynamics as a biomarker of online attention / by Olivia E. Kang
Date	2015
Abstract	Every moment of our waking lives, our brains filter large quantities of sensory data for goal relevant information. This ability to modulate our sensitivity to incoming inputs is critical in the face of an otherwise overwhelming world, and neuroscience has located a primary correlate: the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system. As informational salience changes over time, LC-NE mediates corresponding fluctuations in attention. This is true even when salience changes occur below the threshold of conscious perception. Achieving a readout of LC-NE activity, therefore, means achieving a readout of what the brain finds interesting, both within and outside the bounds of conscious awareness, and at various levels from perceptual selection to social connection. For reasons that remain poorly understood, LC-NE activity is tightly coupled with pupillary dilation. This suggests that pupil dilation patterns offer an objective, observable, and temporally sensitive readout on what the brain finds salient over time. This dissertation combines high temporal resolution pupillometry and advanced computational techniques to determine whether pupil dilation dynamics provide a biomarker of online attention. Over seven experiments we show that the pattern of pupil dilation over time can identify whether and to what individuals are attending, and that attention-based dilation patterns synchronize between people as a function of shared attention. These data further show that pupillary synchrony between people is modulated by social intelligence (e.g., cognitive empathy) and social context (i.e., group membership). Taken together, these findings suggest that high temporal resolution pupillometry provides a sensitive and objective metric for understanding when and to what people attend in dynamic, complex environments such as social interaction. Furthermore, by eliminating the need for an experimental task or self-report, high temporal resolution pupillometry can better inform how and when attention is naturally deployed, and the consequences of that deployment for shared understanding.
Description	1 online resource (v, 92 pages) : illustrations
Format	application/pdf
College	Dartmouth College -- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences.
Issuing Body	Dartmouth Dissertations are made available through the Dartmouth Digital Library.
Degree	Thesis (Ph.D.)--Dartmouth College.
Copyright	All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means without permission in writing from the author.
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1349/ddlp.1916

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