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Subtypes of developmental prosopagnosia : behavioral and neural evidence / by Hua Yang

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Author	Yang, Hua
Title	Subtypes of developmental prosopagnosia : behavioral and neural evidence / by Hua Yang
Date	2015
Abstract	Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by impaired face recognition in the absence of brain damage, low-level visual deficits, or broad cognitive problems. Behavioral and neural findings suggest different types of DP may exist. In this study, we combined behavioral measurements and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a large number of DPs (N=38) to investigate this issue. In the first experiment, we tested a large sample of normal participants with a battery of face perception tests and use factor analysis to explore the structure of face processing. Three factors emerge from the analysis: invariant aspects (identity, race, sex, etc.) and facial expression clustered in the first factor. The second factor primarily reflected variation in two directional judgments: face viewpoint and eye position. Face trustworthiness perception was the only task that loaded heavily on the third factor. In the second experiment, we searched for DP subtypes by combining cluster analysis and discriminant analysis on behavioral results from the face memory and perception battery used in the first experiment. The analysis identified three types of DP. Type I was normal with all the tests except identity memory and identity perception. Type II was impaired with all face memory and perception test except the two tests involving directional judgments. Type III was impaired with all face tasks. In the third experiment, we examined whether the different types are associated with different neural profiles. We localized a network of face selective areas in controls and DPs using a dynamic localizer and a process that algorithmically identifies regions of interest. The activation as well as the connectivity between these areas was significantly weaker in DPs than controls. Consistent with the perceptual impairment in Type II DP, the decrease was more prominent and widespread in this group. One significant difference resides in the core-face area (Haxby & Gobbini, 2011), namely, Type I DPs showed normal activation in bilateral fusiform face area (FFA) while Type II DPs did not. These converging behavioral and neural results indicates we have identified different types of DP. Identification of these types suggests an account for previous inconsistencies in the literature and will facilitate future work investigating the cognitive, neural, developmental, and genetic basis of DP. In addition, it provides a means to develop type-specific treatments.
Description	1 online resource (xi, 143 leaves) : illustrations
Format	application/pdf
College	Dartmouth College -- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience.
Issuing Body	Dartmouth Dissertations are made available through the Dartmouth Digital Library.
Degree	Thesis (Ph.D)--Dartmouth College.
Copyright	Made available by the author under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License.; Made available by the Trustees of Dartmouth College under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1349/ddlp.2387

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