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ORD and cohesin at the intersection of recombination and cohesion during Drosophila meiosis.

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Call No.	QH444 .K44 2006
Author	Khetani, Radhika S.
Title	ORD and cohesin at the intersection of recombination and cohesion during Drosophila meiosis.
Date	2006
Abstract	Proper regulation of chromosome segregation during cell division is essential to prevent aneuploidy. During mitosis as well as meiosis, the cohesin complex physically holds sister chromatids together and is necessary for proper segregation of chromosomes. Meiotic sister-chromatid cohesion is required for normal levels of recombination between homologous chromosomes, maintenance of chiasmata as well as accurate segregation of sisters during meiosis I and meiosis II. In this dissertation, I describe the localization dynamics of two cohesin subunits, SMC1 and SMC3, during wild-type meiosis in Drosophila females and also characterize cohesin localization defects in mutants where cohesion and/or homologous recombination is disrupted. During prophase I, SMC1 and SMC3 colocalize extensively with ORD, a Drosophila protein necessary for normal levels of recombination and cohesion during both meiotic divisions. In all germline cells, SMC1/3 and ORD are enriched at centromeric regions and also localize along chromatid arms. In pachytene cells, SMC1/3 and ORD immunostaining along chromosome arms overlaps extensively with the synaptonemal complex (SC). This thread-like staining pattern persists following DNase treatment of meiotic chromosome spread preparations, indicating that these proteins are localized along chromosome cores during pachytene. Immunostaining experiments performed in flies lacking ORD demonstrate that cohesin SMCs fail to accumulate at oocyte centromeres. However, thread-like staining along chromosome arms appears normal during early pachytene, but deteriorates during prophase I progression. Interestingly, cohesin SMCs remain associated with chromosome arms in pro-oocytes in ord null ovaries, and display a localization pattern identical to pro-nurse cells. Based on these results we propose that ORD is necessary to maintain meiotic chromosome cores during pachytene. Additional experiments demonstrate that the Drosophila protein C(2)M is required for chromosome core assembly during early pachytene. This work provides insight into the mechanisms that govern changes in chromosome morphology that are necessary for homologous recombination during meiosis. In addition, these data indicate that association of cohesin subunits with chromosome arms and centromeres is regulated differently during female meiosis in flies.
Description	1 online resource (xi, 167 leaves) : illustrations (some color)
Format	application/pdf
Advisor	Bickel, Sharon E.
Subject	Genetic recombination. ; Chromosome replication. ; Meiosis. ; Cell cycle -- Regulation. ; Drosophila -- Molecular genetics. ; Cell Cycle Proteins. ; Chromosome Segregation.
College	Dartmouth College -- Department of Biological Sciences.
Issuing Body	Dartmouth Dissertations are made available through the Dartmouth Digital Library.
Degree	Thesis (Ph.D)--Dartmouth College.
Copyright	In Copyright. This material is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by copyright law that applies to your use. For other uses, you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1349/ddlp.3183

Title	khetani2006 1
Full Text	ORD and Cohesin at the Intersection of Recombination and Cohesion During Drosophila Meiosis A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences by Radhika S. Khetani DARTMOUTH COLLEGE Hanover, New Hampshire March 15th 2006

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ORD and cohesin at the intersection of recombination and cohesion during Drosophila meiosis.

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