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Optical spectroscopy guided by structural and functional MRI for breast cancer imaging.

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Call No.	Ph.D. 2009
Author	Carpenter, Colin M.
Title	Optical spectroscopy guided by structural and functional MRI for breast cancer imaging.
Date	2009
Abstract	Magnetic Resonance (MR)-guided Diffuse Optical Imaging is an emerging technique to improve breast cancer imaging. This modality combines the high sensitivity of breast MR with images of tissue physiology, including blood content, oxygen saturation, and water fraction, which help differentiate benign and malignant lesions. This information may aid in reducing the high false-positive rates in breast MR that result in invasive biopsy procedures. MR supplements optical imaging by providing high spatial resolution images of tissue properties that improve optical imaging. Conversely, optical imaging provides MR with additional tissue characteristics that help classify lesions and quantify MR contrasts such as blood oxygenation. The goal of this thesis was to develop the foundation and methodology for comprehensively merging these modalities. A custom-designed fiber interface and MR breast coil were constructed to improve data quality and improve fiber positioning. The system correctly classified malignant from non-malignant lesions, yielding greater than 50% lesion to background contrast in cancers. In one case, it correctly assessed a tissue region that was incorrectly identified by MRI. Optical imaging is typically hampered by the non-ideal spectral limitations of the photodetectors. Incorporating the water content via MR water/fat imaging decreased quantification error of blood content by ~10% in simulation, and 70% in phantom imaging, due to the reduction in crosstalk between water and oxyhemoglobin. Optical imaging and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) MRI were used to monitor changes in breast tissue due to respiratory gas stimulation. Results showed a consistent (p<0.05) and significant hemodynamic response (p<0.05) in normal tissues with an oxygen/carbogen gas stimulus. In 2 tumor cases, results showed a significant decrease in the modulation of tumor hemoglobin compared to the healthy tissue (p<0.05). In addition, the first reported results combining BOLD and optics in the breast showed significant correlation of deoxyhemoglobin (p<0.05). Finally, a comprehensive image formation model that incorporated MR spatial and functional images was demonstrated. This methodology provides a foundation for quantitatively accurate images with high temporal and spatial resolution. The techniques developed in this thesis demonstrate the potential of MR-guided optics to characterize breast cancer, and to aid the understanding of MR contrasts.
Description	xxiv, 232 leaves : ill. (some col.) 28 cm.
Format	application/pdf
Advisor	Paulsen, Keith D., Pogue, Brian W., Diamond, Solomon G., Dehghani, Hamid, Boas, David A.
Subject	Optical spectroscopy. Magnetic resonance imaging. Breast -- Cancer -- Imaging.
College	Thayer School of Engineering.
Issuing Body	Dartmouth Dissertations are made available through the Dartmouth Digital Library.
Degree	Thesis (Ph.D.)--Dartmouth College.
Copyright	All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means without permission in writing from the author.
DOI	http://dx.doi.org/10.1349/ddlp.266

Title	Page 1
Format	application/pdf
Issuing Body	Dartmouth Dissertations are made available through the Dartmouth Digital Library.
Degree	Thesis (Ph.D.)--Dartmouth College.
Full Text	OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY GUIDED BY STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MRI FOR BREAST CANCER IMAGING A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Colin M. Carpenter Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire June 2009 Examining Committee Chairman ___________________ Keith D. Paulsen Member ___________________ Brian W. Pogue Member ____________________ Solomon G. Diamond Member ___________________ Hamid Dehghani Member ___________________ David A. Boas _____________________ Brian W. Pogue Dean of Graduate Studies _____________________ (Signature of Author) © 2009 Trustees of Dartmouth College

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