Brain tumors account for ~2% of all cancers, with gliomas accounting for ~70% of all brain tumors. Evidence suggests that extent of resection provides both a quality of life and survival benefit to patients. Recent work has shown the utility of...
Light scattering from tissue originates from the fluctuations in intra-cellular and extra-cellular components, so it is possible that macroscopic scattering spectroscopy could be used to quantify sub-microscopic structures. Both electron microscopy...
This research has established feasibility of surface temperature characterization using ruby fluorescence. Study was performed in pin-on-disk geometry, with balls made of different plastics sliding against the sapphire disk. Fluorescence signal was...
Ovaries -- Cancer -- Immunotherapy. Dendritic cells. Small interfering RNA. Nanoparticles -- Therapeutic use. Medical Term Ovarian Neoplasms -- therapy. RNA Interference.
Current therapies for ovarian carcinoma are based on surgical debulking followed by chemotherapy. After more than three decades implementing treatments that selectively target the tumor cell, the 5-year survival rate for metastatic ovarian cancer...
The rat limbic system contains head direction (HD) cells that fire according to heading in the horizontal plane. These HD cells are thought to provide animals with an internal compass to guide navigation. Previous work has found that HD cell tuning...
A fundamental question in decision neuroscience is how cognitive processes underlying decision-making give rise to efficient decisions, especially in complex situations with multiple choice options, and each option consisting of multiple attributes...
Endothelial cell migration is an important element of a number of biological processes, including angiogenesis. The fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of angiogenic heparan-binding proteins that potently induce endothelial migration....
A nocturnal activity pattern is central to almost all hypotheses on the adaptive origins of primates but this view has been challenged recently on the basis of variation in the cone opsin genes of nocturnal primates. The diversity among primates in...
Urban and suburban development is a dominant factor driving ecological processes at local and regional scales and its impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services are alarming. Pollinators, especially bees, and the ecosystem services they...
G proteins -- Receptors. Cardiovascular system -- Diseases -- Genetic aspects. Medical Term Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled -- genetics.
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), particularly non-synonymous variants, provide opportunities for deciphering pathophysiological protein influence. An ideal group for realizing these opportunities is the GPCR-superfamily. Principles from...
The proliferation of mobile devices and other consumer products has greatly expanded the market for CMOS image sensors. This in turn has promoted a trend of continued improvement in image sensor performance, as companies seek to gain an advantage...
Despite immunogenicity, melanoma-specific vaccines have demonstrated minimal clinical efficacy in patients with established disease, but enhance survival when administered in the adjuvant setting. It has been shown that T cell infiltration of...
Recent studies demonstrating that eye position modulates auditory responses in a brainstem auditory structure and in primary auditory cortex (Groh et al., 2001; Werner-Reiss et al., 2003a), suggest preparation of the auditory signal for eventual...
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis requires the coordination of anabolic and catabolic activities. A primary function of the ER is the biosynthesis and export of secretory proteins and lipids. Anterograde transport of only properly folded and...
CD4+ T cells are critical for the control of virus infections, memory cell formation and immune surveillance. Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus are two γ-herpesviruses identified in humans and are strongly associated...
The demand for novel molecularly targeted drugs will continue to rise as we make progress toward personalizing cancer treatments to the molecular signatures of individual tumors. While the collection and analysis of genomic data has become routine,...
Annual screening mammograms are recommended for all women above 40 years of age for early detection of breast cancer, and are known to improve cancer mortality rates. However, mammography is hampered by low sensitivity and a high rate of false...
Hedgehog (HH) proteins play an important and evolutionary conserved patterning role in metazoan development. Aside from this physiological role, pathologically HH proteins are implicated in human developmental disorders and post-developmental...
Immune response -- Regulation. Tretinoin. T cells. B cells. Plasma cells. Immunity.
Adaptive immunity licenses higher organisms to generate potent immune responses against foreign antigens. Two hallmarks of adaptive immunity are A) the ability of T and B cells to distinguish self from non-self and B) the ability to mount a...
All cells must organize their cytoplasm in order to carry out functions properly and survive in different environments, and the requirement for organization is increased in large, multinucleate cells. It has long been known that membrane-bound...
Antennas (Electronics); ; Thermotherapy. ; Cancer -- Treatment.
Engineers have devised many techniques by which to raise the temperature of a cancer tumor 8 degrees above body temperature. Such treatment is called hyperthermia; experiments in vitro suggest it may be an effective adjunct to standard radition...
Patients -- Decision making. Patients -- Attitudes. Motivation (Psychology) -- Social aspects. Preferences (Philosophy) Medical care -- Evaluation. Medical care -- Research -- Methodology. Medical care -- Decision making.
Statement of Problem
Characterizing the public's preferential attitudes towards relatively more-/less-intense elective options in ""preference-sensitive"" health care situations is particularly relevant for the prioritization policies of...
Scientific methods that detect deception have been studied since 1895. Among them, computational methods have gained popularity in recent decades thanks to the development of artificial intelligence, (AI). Detecting deception by categorizing...
Flexible fiber scopes are widely used in industry and medicine. Typical scopes are made using conventional optical components and order-packed flexible image bundles. The optical performance of a flexible scope is largely determined by that of the...
Three-dimensional imaging in medicine -- Mathematical models. Diagnostic imaging -- Digital techniques. Brain -- Magnetic resonance imaging. Inverse problems (Differential equations).
An accurate registration between the preoperative images and the current surgical scene is critical to image-guided neurosurgery. However, during a neuro-surgical intervention, brain tissues shift and degrade the accuracy of the registration....
Clinical medicine -- Practice. ; Medicine -- Practice. ; Group medical practice.
Health care micro-systems are small, organized groups of clinicians and staff working together with a shared clinical purpose to provide care for a defined set of patients. The size of individual micro-systems vary--a micro-system must be large...
Investigations into alternative breast cancer (BC) imaging techniques have become increasingly popular based on the limitations of traditional imaging modalities: X-ray mammography uses ionizing radiation, has limited intrinsic contrast and is...
Background. The development and implementation of emergency response technologies have relied on two independent and rarely integrated processes. Initially, research labs develop technologies without systematic consideration of the special needs...
Nanoparticles -- Magnetic properties.;""Harmonics (Electric waves)"";""Biosensors."";""Spectrum analysis."";""Brownian motion processes.""
Magnetic nanoparticles have an increasing role in the clinical and pharmaceutical realms where their physical properties can be exploited for imaging, biological and functional sensing, control of cellular processes, therapeutics, and an array of...
Work in Arabidopsis and other model species over the past 25 years has led to major insights into the control of floral organ identity. However, much less is known about genes that control the growth and differentiation of floral organs. In this...