Stigma (Social psychology). Aging -- Psychological aspects. Cognition -- Age factors. Older people -- Attitudes.
Extensive research on aging has demonstrated that normal aging debilitates executive function, a system that is critical for regulating stereotypes. However, there is a paucity of research on whether age-related declines to executive function...
The brain is a vastly interconnected information processing network. In humans, this network supports the rich mental space at the root of the imagination and enables many flexible cognitive abilities such as scientific and artistic creativity. How...
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a very poor prognosis despite multi-modalities of treatment. As a result, there is a critical need to develop alternative therapies. Propentofylline (PPF) is a...
Continual improvements to clinical breast imaging technologies have led to ever earlier detections and increasingly accurate localizations of female breast cancers. While these advancements have certainly improved the prognoses of many patients,...
Study 1 This systematic review aimed to synthesize the emerging body of work on the impact of employment, with a focus on prospective cohort studies. Researchers identified relevant studies for review via PubMed, expert referral, and reference...
Mentally ill -- Care -- Decision making. Mental illness -- Treatment -- Decision making. Mental health services -- Decision making. Mental health -- Information services. Medical informatics. Mental Disorders -- drug therapy.
Objective. We explored preferences and perceptions about treatment decision-making roles among persons with severe mental illness and evaluated two computer-based medication values clarification tools. Methods. In this study we conducted a pilot...
This thesis comprises two separate but related studies, dealing with two strongly interacting nanoscale systems on the border between the quantum and classical domains. In Part 1, we use a Born-Markov approximated master equation approach to study...
The objective of this thesis was to examine the neural and physiological substrates underlying the processing of aversive information, and how individual differences in anxiety influence these responses. In a series of experiments, we utilized skin...
Two experiments were designed to investigate the effects of brain damage on source monitoring. Source monitoring is the process of making decisions about the origins of memories. Previous research has demonstrated that source monitoring judgments...
The neurophysiological examination of auditory-object representations has focused on how early auditory cortical areas code for the spectral and temporal features of auditory objects. The goals of this dissertation was to investigate how auditory...
Perceptual-motor learning -- Physiological aspects. ; Language acquisition -- Physiological aspects. ; Motor ability -- Physiological aspects. ; Knots and splices.
The studies presented in this dissertation explore several points of intersection between action perception and production within the human brain. One's ability to use perceptual information about another individual's actions to guide and inform...
When we want to know what others are thinking or feeling, we look to their face for clues. Affective neuroscience has usefully documented behavioral, psychophysiological and neural responses to the facial displays of others. Though this work...
The image of a child standing at the side of a creek and skipping stones across it exemplifies how we tend to mentally separate aquatic habitats from dry land. But there is a constant exchange of materials from land to streams, and vice-versa....
Morbidity and complexity involved in lymph node staging via surgical resection and biopsy could ideally be overcome using node assay techniques that are non-invasive. Visible blue dyes, fluorophores and radio-tracers are often used to locate the...
One of the most distinctive aspects of humans as a species is our propensity to form complex social networks made up of intense, non-reproductive bonds with non-kin. Navigating these networks presents a considerable cognitive challenge that is...
Prostate cancer (PCa) recurrences are often predicted by assessing the status of surgical margins (SM) – positive surgical margins (PSM) increase the chances of biochemical recurrence by 2-4 times which may lead to PCa recurrence. At present,...
Quality of life -- Evaluation. ; Health status indicators. ; Psychiatric rating scales. ; Mental illness -- Treatment -- Evaluation. ; Mental illness -- Treatment -- Economic aspects. ; Mental illness -- Treatment -- Social aspects.
Background. It is not clear whether a generic quality-of-life instrument can appropriately represent severe mental illness in an economic evaluation. This problem is particularly salient for resource-allocation decisions where policymakers compare...
The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) that manages inter-domain routing on the Internet lacks security. Protective measures using public key cryptography introduce complexities and costs. To support authentication and other security functionality in...
Brain -- Localization of functions. Analogy. Frontal lobes. Neuropsychology.
This thesis represents a program of behavioral and brain-based research directed at elucidating the mechanisms of analogical reasoning. The studies that comprise this thesis took convergent experimental approaches to extend knowledge concerning two...
Social perception -- Physiological aspects. ; Prefrontal cortex -- Physiology.
From the most minimal of person information, such as a photograph or a sentence, people are able to rapidly infer a multitude of complex personality traits. These social inferences are thought to rely upon cognitive representations of person...
Social networks -- Mathematical models. Social networks -- Computer simulation. Dynamics. Social sciences -- Network analysis -- Methodology.
Detecting the significance of relationships between people is a complicated and difficult task. This is especially true when these relationships are intermixed with hundreds of different mundane and ordinary interactions that are simply background...
Community mental health services -- Decision making. Mentally ill -- Care -- Decision making. Psychotherapist and patient.
Background. Electronic decision support systems (EDSS) using a shared decision making framework may be a new technology to facilitate service planning in public sector mental health care. The case management context is a ripe testing ground for...
Patients -- Decision making. Patients -- Attitudes. Motivation (Psychology) -- Social aspects. Preferences (Philosophy) Medical care -- Evaluation. Medical care -- Research -- Methodology. Medical care -- Decision making.
Statement of Problem
Characterizing the public's preferential attitudes towards relatively more-/less-intense elective options in ""preference-sensitive"" health care situations is particularly relevant for the prioritization policies of...
Medicine -- Religious aspects. Health -- Religious aspects. Spirituality -- Health aspects. Spirituality -- Testing. Primary care (Medicine). Patients -- Religious life.
Background . Although the epidemiology of spirituality/religion is still an emerging field, initial research suggests spirituality may promote better health. Additionally, physician-inquiry about spirituality may enhance the quality and possibly...
The studies described within the present dissertation build upon and extend the neuroimaging literature in the domains of imagery and semantic retrieval of perceptual memories. These investigations focus on the range of retrieval experiences--from...
Smartphones we carry everyday represent the first truly context-aware mobile device. By embedding specialized sensors and pushing AI into phones, it is now possible to continuously sense and infer people's physical activities, social interactions,...