Studies presented in this dissertation focus on the transcriptional targets and cellular functions of [Delta]Np63[alpha], the predominant TP63 isoform expressed in epithelial stem cell compartments. TP63, a member of the p53 family of...
Clinical medicine -- Decision making. ; Medical informatics. ; Patient participation. ; Osteoarthritis -- Treatment. ; Knee -- Diseases -- Treatment. ; Decision Making. ; Decision Support Techniques.
Problem Statement. Effective patients' decision aids (PtDAs) help patients understand clinical information and reduce decisional conflict. PtDAs that also explicitly provide guidance through four """"Deliberative Steps"""" may achieve additional...
Statement of the problem. Drug-eluting stents (DES) dramatically reduce the incidence of coronary restenosis, a frequent complication of percutaneous coronary interventions in the treatment of obstructive arterial diseases. However, they have been...
Local hyperthermia treatment for cancer has been used clinically in combination with and to enhance the efficacy of traditional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation. In association with recent understanding of the importance of stimulating...
This thesis approaches the problem of locating zero-day exploits used in network attacks. The hypothesis is that the advent of high-performance virtualization presents a unique opportunity to both discover these events and increase the attacker's...
MicroRNA-10b (miR-10b) is considered a marker of disease aggressiveness in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), in view of the fact that lower levels of miR-10b are associated with better response to neoadjuvant therapy, likelihood of surgical...
The present thesis is focused on developing a better understanding of factors driving disease biology and overall risk using cancers of the bladder and breast as model systems. As no single approach was likely to unravel the complexities of these...
Many environmental toxicants found in pesticides, herbicides, and industrial solvents are believed to have deleterious effects on development by disrupting hormone-sensitive processes. Xenopus embryos were exposed to commonly encountered endocrine...
Multimodality imaging is becoming the standard of care for research and clinical studies. Such an approach is able to provide complementary information which can detect and characterize tumors. Advancing instrumentation for diffuse near-infrared...
Novel biotherapeutics have reshaped drug discovery and promise a continued revolution in disease therapy, yet therapeutic proteins present unique design challenges. One distinguishing risk factor is the prospect of eliciting an adaptive immune...
The advent of hypervisors revolutionized the computing industry in terms of malware prevention and detection, secure virtual machine managers, and cloud resilience. However, this has resulted in a disjointed response to handling known threats...
This dissertation examines the behavioral and physiological adaptations employed by modern humans to subsist in tropical rainforests. I employ various theoretical and methodological approaches to test hypotheses using empirical data from African...
IL-1β is a potent proinflammatory cytokine produced in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. While it is appreciated that IL-1β is a critical modulator of the host response to P. aeruginosa infection, the host and bacterial determinants...
Congenital heart disease in children -- Surgery -- Evaluation. ; Heart -- Abnormalities -- Surgery -- Evaluation. ; Outcome assessment (Medical care).
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a heart malformation that requires surgical intervention for survival. Without surgery, 95% of neonates with HLHS die in the first month of life. Two surgical approaches are available, a series of...
Oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii in susceptible C57BL/6 mice results in the morphologic, histologic and immunologic changes in the small intestine consistent with the human Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) of unknown etiology, Crohn's disease....
Vibrio cholerae is a water-borne, Gram negative enteropathogen that causes the gastrointestinal disorder, cholera, in humans. A critical step in cholera pathogenesis is the attachment and colonization of intestinal cells, and the formation of...
Emergency medical response requires timely and efficient assessment and treatment of casualties. Mass casualty situations, in particular, strain the resources of emergency responders, prompting the need for a well-organized, effective, automated...
Pervasive computing leads to an increased integration between the real world and the computational world, and many applications in pervasive computing adapt to the user's context, such as the location of the user and relevant devices, the presence...
1[2-Cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole (CDDO-lm) is a novel synthetic triterpenoid superior to its parent compound, 2-cyano-3, 12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), both in vitro and in vivo. CDDO-Im is highly active in...
Background. The development and implementation of emergency response technologies have relied on two independent and rarely integrated processes. Initially, research labs develop technologies without systematic consideration of the special needs...
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis; SSc) is a devastating autoimmune disease of unknown etiology for which there is no cure, and no truly effective therapies available. Immune dysfunction, fibrosis and vasculopathy are the three major features of the...
The inappropriate expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) contributes to the pathology of many cancers. Among these, melanoma is a particularly insidious disease in that it is almost completely resistant to every known the therapy, and the...
Brain -- Physiology -- Mathematical models.
Brain stem -- Effect of chemicals on.
Basal ganglia -- Physiology.
Understanding how the brain works remains one of the toughest problems in science, despite the progress in scientific technology available for its study. The difficulty lies in the fact that the brain is a dynamic system, while the body of facts...
We have created an E. coli based platform for protein modification by coupling an engineered glycosylation pathway with a subsequent chemoenzymatic labeling strategy in which the glycans are oxidized to provide a bioorthogonal aldehyde group that...
Arsenic -- Toxicology.
Lungs -- Diseases -- Immunological aspects.
Lungs -- Diseases -- Genetic aspects.
Medical Term Arsenic -- toxicity.
Toxic metals are a major health concern in the environment and particularly in Superfund and other toxic waste sites. Arsenic (As) is considered the number one environmental chemical of human health concern both in the U.S. and worldwide. It is...
Ovaries -- Cancer -- Photochemotherapy.
Ovaries -- Cancer -- Treatment -- Evaluation.
Ovaries -- Cancer -- Treatment -- Mathematical models.
The translational potential of new therapeutic strategies for cancer is limited, in part, by a lack of biological models that capture important aspects of tumor growth and treatment response. It is also becoming increasingly evident that no single...
Semen is the major vector for sexual transmission of HIV worldwide, yet little is known about its role in modulating mucosal transmission of HIV. Understanding the impact of semen on mucosal transmission of HIV could open up novel means of...
Pharmacologic induction of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has proven therapeutic potential for ß-hemoglobinopathy patients. Increased HbF reduces disease severity by decreasing sickling in sickle cell disease and reducing α-chain imbalance in...
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor with a very poor prognosis despite multi-modalities of treatment. As a result, there is a critical need to develop alternative therapies. Propentofylline (PPF) is a...
ISGylation is a type 1 interferon-regulated process that involves conjugation of ISG15, an ubiquitin-like protein, to target proteins. This posttranslational modification is reversed by a deubiquitinase known as UBP43 or USP18. UBP43 is deregulated...
Influenza virus is a respiratory pathogen that is capable of causing considerable pulmonary pathology and respiratory dysfunction in humans. Seasonal influenza epidemics and the occasional influenza pandemic are responsible for significant...
Many microbes thrive in conditions that would be detrimental to human life. These microorganisms have been dubbed extremophiles. Of these, members of a subcategory, termed thermophiles, grow optimally above 45°C. Thermoanaerobacterium...