How is concrete conceptual information represented in the brain? Little is known about the neural organization for details of concrete objects when presented as words. The goal of the first two studies was to investigate this. In the third study,...
We have a limited understanding of how an opinion is originated, how an opinion and information supporting and explaining it gets conveyed, and how the communicated opinion is perceived and processed by others. One direction of current research...
The neurophysiological examination of auditory-object representations has focused on how early auditory cortical areas code for the spectral and temporal features of auditory objects. The goals of this dissertation was to investigate how auditory...
Terpenes -- Mechanism of action. ; Protein kinases -- Inhibitors. ; Oleanolic Acid.
Synthetic oleanane triterpenoids (SO) are a novel class of therapeutic compounds based on the structure of oleanolic acid. These synthetic oleanane triterpenoids which include 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO), CDDO-methyl...
Space and time in language. ; Space perception. ; Figure-ground perception. ; Psycholinguistics.
Across languages, there exists a relatively small number of spatial prepositions. These terms are used to express the infinite number of possible spatial locations of an unlimited number of different entities in the environment. Previous research...
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an important tool for understanding neural mechanisms underlying human brain function. Most fMRI studies use limited sets of well-controlled stimuli to understand neural systems in isolation. The...
Objectives: This dissertation comprises three essays on geographic variations in healthcare, and the association between utilization and health outcomes. I first explore associations between outpatient visits and Medicare beneficiaries'...
Access control is a core component of any information-security strategy. Researchers have spent tremendous energy over the past forty years defining abstract access-control models and proving various properties about them. However, surprisingly...
Floral nectar of many plant species is prone to colonization by microorganisms. Their presence and metabolism have the potential to modify a suite of traits important for pollinator attraction, including nectar quality and scent. However, studies...
Annual screening mammograms are recommended for all women above 40 years of age for early detection of breast cancer, and are known to improve cancer mortality rates. However, mammography is hampered by low sensitivity and a high rate of false...
The need for social connection is a pervasive and powerful human drive. When this fundamental need is not fulfilled, people place greater emphasis on forming social bonds and are motivated to behave in ways consistent with accomplishing these...
Gene set testing has become a critical tool for interpreting the results of high-throughput genomic experiments. Despite the development of robust statistical methods and extensive gene set collections, however, the results from gene set testing...
In the past few years there has been a tremendous growth in the usage of digital images. Users can now access millions of photos, a fact that poses the need of having methods that can efficiently and effectively search the visual information of...
In this thesis, we consider several problems relating to cyclic subgroups of the group [mathematical equation]. Each element of [mathematical equation] has a unique representative in one of the two intervals [mathematical equation] and...
Mentally ill -- Care -- Decision making. Mental illness -- Treatment -- Decision making. Mental health services -- Decision making. Mental health -- Information services. Medical informatics. Mental Disorders -- drug therapy.
Objective. We explored preferences and perceptions about treatment decision-making roles among persons with severe mental illness and evaluated two computer-based medication values clarification tools. Methods. In this study we conducted a pilot...
Cataclysmic variable stars (CVs) are close, interacting binary systems comprised of a white dwarf and a companion star, which is typically a late-type dwarf star. Their progenitor systems are post common envelope binaries (PCEBs) with a white dwarf...
Face perception -- Physiological aspects. Face perception -- Social aspects. Sex differences (Psychology). Neuropsychology.
The general objective of the current thesis was to investigate the neural substrates underlying the perception of opposite-sex faces. Building on what is already known about the distributed network of brain areas supporting various dimensions of...
GABA -- Receptors. Anabolic steroids -- Physiological effect. Androgens -- Physiological effect. Prosencephalon. Neurotransmitters -- Effect of drugs on. Psychoneuroendocrinology.
Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are derivatives of testosterone originally designed for therapeutic applications to enhance anabolic potency (protein synthesis and muscle growth) while exerting low androgenic (masculinizing) effects. The...
Does early and sustained experience with two languages in childhood modify how language is processed in the adult bilingual brain? Does extensive exposure to two languages influence language processing in the bilingual brain as compared to...
Stigma (Social psychology). Aging -- Psychological aspects. Cognition -- Age factors. Older people -- Attitudes.
Extensive research on aging has demonstrated that normal aging debilitates executive function, a system that is critical for regulating stereotypes. However, there is a paucity of research on whether age-related declines to executive function...
Mitomycin C -- Mechanism of action. ; DNA -- Effect of mitomycin C on. ; Genetic expression -- Effect of mitomycin C on. ; DNA-protein interactions -- Effect of mitomycin C on.
Mitomycin C (MMC) is a chemotherapeutic drug that reacts with the N$\sp2$ of guanine to form monoadducts, interstrand and intrastrand crosslinks. These lesions, especially the interstrand crosslink, are believed to be responsible for the potent...
Medicine -- Study and teaching -- Audio-visual aids. ; Communication -- Audio-visual aids. ; Medical history taking. ; Physician and patient. ; Psychometrics.
The Patient Video Interview (PVI) is an instrument designed to assess communication skills in medical education that overcomes some of the drawbacks of other assessment methods. Three studies were conducted to: (a) determine a measurement system...
Prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) is a major product of COX-2 catalyzed metabolism of arachidonic acid in the endothelium and has been shown to be atheroprotective. PGI 2 signals though its G-coupled protein receptor (GPCR) the human Prostacyclin receptor...
Every moment of our waking lives, our brains filter large quantities of sensory data for goal relevant information. This ability to modulate our sensitivity to incoming inputs is critical in the face of an otherwise overwhelming world, and...
Magnetic nanoparticles are promising candidates for use in biomedical applications as remote sensors of biophysical properties, thermal therapy agents, and detectors of specific biomolecules. Many approaches have been used to model magnetic...
The brain is a vastly interconnected information processing network. In humans, this network supports the rich mental space at the root of the imagination and enables many flexible cognitive abilities such as scientific and artistic creativity. How...
The ubiquitous complexity of common diseases is one of the biggest challenges facing the field of personalized treatments and precision medicine. This complexity can be attributed to various sources such as the genetic make-up of an individual,...
Staphylococcus aureus is a formidable pathogen, and its high morbidity and mortality rates are compounded by its ability to quickly develop antibiotic resistance. The current antimicrobial pipeline is inadequate to curb this mounting public health...
Recent technological advances have fostered the emergence of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which consist of tiny, wireless, battery-powered nodes that are expected to revolutionize the ways in which we understand and construct complex physical...
The performance of machine learning algorithms largely depends on data representation. As a critical step in machine learning, representation learning (feature learning) learns a transformation of training data to give a new representation that can...
Sensing light from the environment using photoreceptors is of great adaptive significance to eukaryotes. A prominent feature of the photochemistry of these receptors is the photocycle length, the time taken to decay from the initial signaling light...
Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by impaired face recognition in the absence of brain damage, low-level visual deficits, or broad cognitive problems. Behavioral and neural findings suggest different types of...
All cells must organize their cytoplasm in order to carry out functions properly and survive in different environments, and the requirement for organization is increased in large, multinucleate cells. It has long been known that membrane-bound...
One of the most distinctive aspects of humans as a species is our propensity to form complex social networks made up of intense, non-reproductive bonds with non-kin. Navigating these networks presents a considerable cognitive challenge that is...
Networks that model relationships in the real world have attracted much attention in the past few years. The "link prediction problem" plays a central role in the network area. In this thesis, we explore the link prediction problem in a...