The motivational and rewarding properties of our immediate environment affect how humans interact with our world in a number of ways. One important aspect in which reward representation shapes behavior is in the development, maintenance and...
Studies have implicated the essential role of Vitamin A (VA) and its active metobolite, retinoic acid (RA) in both host defense and tolerance through manipulation of various immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages and others. CD8⁺ T...
Brain tumors account for ~2% of all cancers, with gliomas accounting for ~70% of all brain tumors. Evidence suggests that extent of resection provides both a quality of life and survival benefit to patients. Recent work has shown the utility of...
Microwave imaging (MI) is based on recovering dielectric properties (permittivity and conductivity) of materials. Over the last two decades, MI has attracted increasing interests in biomedical applications, in particular, for breast cancer...
The purpose of this thesis is to describe methods for detecting hidden crevasses on glaciers in Polar regions. Crevasses form in ice sheets as a result of forces imposed upon the brittle ice. The crevasses are hidden from view by bridges of soft...
Telecommunication -- Traffic -- Measurement -- Statistical methods. IEEE 802.11 (Standard). Universities and colleges -- Computer networks -- New Hampshire -- Hanover -- Case studies.
The edge of the Internet is increasingly wireless. Enterprises large and small, homeowners, and even whole cities have deployed Wi-Fi networks for their users, and many users never need to--or never bother to--use the wired network. With the advent...
Form perception. ; Visual perception. ; Motion perception (Vision). ; Color vision. ; Visual cortex -- Psychophysiology.
Visual filling-in occurs when a retinally stabilized object undergoes perceptual fading. It is commonly believed that information about the apparently vanished object is lost and replaced solely by information arising from the surrounding...
Traditionally, mast cells have been studied for their role as proinflammatory effector cells in allergic disorders. Recent findings however have opened up the discussion in the community of immunologists regarding MCs should be considered as...
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes a protein that triggers the accelerated degradation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in airway epithelial cells. This protein, known as the CFTR inhibitory...
Spatial heterogeneity inherent in ecological systems impacts both diversity and community structure. However, little is known about the influence of habitat heterogeneity on temporal variability in communities. I performed several studies to...
The objective of this thesis was to examine the neural and physiological substrates underlying the processing of aversive information, and how individual differences in anxiety influence these responses. In a series of experiments, we utilized skin...
Cellulolytic microorganisms hold promise for industrially applied microbial cellulose utilization in the generation biofuels from renewable resources. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP), a one-step process combining cellulase production, cellulose...
This project focuses on the development of research tools and methods that are used to study the relationship between neural activity and subsequent hemodynamic responses in the human brain. This relationship, referred to as neurovascular coupling,...
The auroral zone is a rich source of natural radio emissions that can be observed in space and at ground-level. By studying these waves, scientists can gain insight into the plasma processes that generate them and use the near-Earth space...
Visual searches for a conjunction of features (e.g., a particular combination of color and shape) are ordinarily slow and difficult. However, search efficiency for a particular conjunction can improve dramatically within a few hundred practice...
Rats -- Behavior. Sexual behavior in animals. Vagina -- Psychophysiology. Cervix uteri -- Psychophysiology.
The present dissertation examined the contributions of vaginal and cervical stimulation to sexual motivation and reward in female rats. New, more complex behavioral methods such as the display of paced mating behavior and the induction of a...
The retinoids exert potent growth and differentiation effects on normal, embryonic and neoplastic cells. Although retinoids are known to regulate gene transcription through activation of retinoid receptors, the direct target genes of retinoid...
The ctx and tcp genes that encode cholera toxin and the toxin co-regulated pilus, the major virulence determinants of Vibrio cholerae, are repressed by the nucleoid-associated protein H-NS and activated by the AraC-like transcriptional regulator...
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 8,900 genetic variants, mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), associated with hundreds of human traits and diseases, which define risk-associated loci (Hindorff et al., 2012 ...
The furanosteroids are a special class of natural products that feature a furan ring fused to the steroid nucleus at C-4 and C-6. In 1945, viridin, the parent member of this group, was isolated by Grove and coworkers from the fungas Gliocladium...
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a fatal autosomal recessive pediatric neurovisceral disorder characterized clinically by progressive neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) and hepatosplenomegaly. Biochemically, it is...
Problem Statement: Increasing physical activity is a priority for decreasing obesity rates, but we have a limited understanding of which factors are most influential in promoting physical activity among adolescents. We also do not know what forms...
Forest ecology -- New Hampshire -- Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Lepidoptera -- New Hampshire -- Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Forest insects -- New Hampshire -- Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Insect populations -- New Hampshire --...
One of the principle aims of ecology is to understand variations in organism abundance over time. Some species and species assemblages exhibit exceptionally dynamic changes in abundance or biomass, while other species and species assemblages are...
A fuller understanding of cost and utilization, per discharge and for all-payers, is needed at the hospital level. I conducted three studies to address this need. In study 1, I examine the amount of variation in costs and LOS per discharge that can...
Large-scale (12,000 liter) and small-scale (3.78 liter) field enclosure experiments were conducted to evaluate the intensity and nature of competition among the planktonic cladoceran grazers of a mesotrophic Vermont lake: Bosmina longirostris,...
I investigated the effects of two contemporary disturbances to soil systems: forest clearing in the northeastern U.S. and climate-driven plant succession in the Arctic. To test the effects of clear-cutting forests on mineral soil carbon (C)...
Magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for cancer treatment is a promising technology, particularly when applied as part of an adjuvant strategy with established cancer therapies (chemotherapy, radiation and surgery). In Europe, early clinical...