Dartmouth Digital Library Program

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Large bowel polyps: aspects of epidemiology and diagnosis.
Intestine, Large -- Cancer -- Epidemiology. ; Intestine.
Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common cancer diagnosis and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Most colorectal cancers are believed to develop from precursor lesions known as colorectal adenomas....
Dartmouth Dissertations

MicroRNA-10b promotes pancreatic cancer cell invasion by suppressing TIP30 and enhancing EGF and TGF-[beta] actions / by Haoxu Ouyang
MicroRNA-10b (miR-10b) is considered a marker of disease aggressiveness in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), in view of the fact that lower levels of miR-10b are associated with better response to neoadjuvant therapy, likelihood of surgical...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Multimodal electroencephalography and near-infrared spectroscopy neuroimaging measurement and analysis / by Paolo Giacometti
This project focuses on the development of research tools and methods that are used to study the relationship between neural activity and subsequent hemodynamic responses in the human brain. This relationship, referred to as neurovascular coupling,...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Spectroscopic reconstructed near infrared tomographic imaging for breast cancer diagnosis.
Breast -- Cancer -- Tomography. ; Breast -- Cancer -- Imaging. ; Breast -- Cancer -- Diagnosis. ; Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy. ; Image processing -- Digital techniques.
Near-infrared (NIR) light has the potential to be used as a non-invasive means of diagnostic imaging within the human breast. Due to the diffusive nature of light in tissue, computational model-based methods are required for functional imaging...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Self-reconfiguring robots: designs, algorithms, and applications.
Robots -- Control systems. ; Robots -- Motion. ; Computer algorithms. ; Electronic data processing -- Distributed processing.
Self-reconfiguring robots are robots composed of many physically connected modules which can change their structural configuration to support multiple functionalities. We claim that self-reconfiguring robots are more versatile, extensible, and...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Development of a three-dimensional model for micrometastatic ovarian cancer: A translational research platform to rapidly evaluate mechanism-based combination treatments.
Ovaries -- Cancer -- Photochemotherapy. Ovaries -- Cancer -- Treatment -- Evaluation. Ovaries -- Cancer -- Treatment -- Mathematical models.
The translational potential of new therapeutic strategies for cancer is limited, in part, by a lack of biological models that capture important aspects of tumor growth and treatment response. It is also becoming increasingly evident that no single...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Noninvasive fluorescence monitoring for functional assessment of murine glioma treatment.
Gliomas -- Immunotherapy -- Evaluation. Fluorescence spectroscopy. Diagnosis.
Molecular optical imaging in vivo has potential for functional assessment of tumor tissue at the cellular and subcellular level. Advances in biological understanding of genomics and proteomics have increased the knowledge of possible cellular...
Dartmouth Dissertations

The SERM, Arzoxifene, and the rexinoid, LG100268, cooperate to prevent estrogen receptor-positive and -negative breast cancer as well as colon cancer.
Estrogen -- Receptors -- Regulation. Selective estrogen receptor modulators. Receptor-ligand complexes. Breast -- Cancer -- Chemoprevention. Colon (Anatomy) -- Cancer -- Chemoprevention.
We have previously shown that the selective estrogen receptor modulator, Arzoxifene (Arz), and the rexinoid, LG100268 (268) synergistically prevent breast cancer in an ER+ breast cancer model. This study was designed to determine the mechanism of...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Small molecule modulation of morphology and metabolism in Candida albicans / by Allia Kaye Smith
Candida albicans is a fungal species that naturally exists as a commensal member of the human microbiota, but can assume a pathogenic lifestyle and subsequently induce life-threatening systemic infections. The ability of the fungus to grow in...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Electrical impedance imaging for temperature field estimation during hyperthermia treatment of cancer.
Electrical impedance tomography. Newton-Raphson method. Cancer -- Thermotherapy -- Technique.
Dartmouth Dissertations

Computational methods for microwave medical imaging.
Microwave imaging -- Mathematics. ; Three-dimensional imaging -- Mathematics. ; Image reconstruction -- Mathematics. ; Microwave imaging in medicine. ; Computer algorithms.
Medical imaging methods have become increasingly important in diagnosing diseases and assisting therapeutic treatment. In particular, early detection of breast cancer is considered as a critical factor in reducing the mortality rate of women....
Dartmouth Dissertations

Design of a magnetic field compatible, high-performance optical breast imaging system for MRI-guided optical spectroscopy / by Fadi El-Ghussein
Multimodality imaging is becoming the standard of care for research and clinical studies. Such an approach is able to provide complementary information which can detect and characterize tumors. Advancing instrumentation for diffuse near-infrared...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Constraint-based robot knot tying / by Weifu Wang
In this thesis, we present different approaches to tying knots using robots by enforcing different types of constraints. We attack the problem from three different directions; mechanical design, motion planning with simple control strategies, and...
Dartmouth Dissertations

On the origins of cancer cell identity : epigenetic deregulation of cellular states / by Kevin Johnson
The identification of molecular alterations present in cancer is critical to better understand carcinogenesis as well as the clinical trajectories of patients with malignant tumors. Early detection and application of appropriate treatment...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Evidence based practice in neonatal intensive care: the effect of prophylactic topical emollient ointment therapy and systemic antibiotic administration practices on nosocomial sepsis rates and mortality in extremely low birth weight infants 501 to...
Neonatal intensive care. ; Evidence-based medicine. ; Nosocomial infections -- Prevention. ; Ointments -- Effectiveness. ; Antibiotics -- Effectiveness.
Introduction. Nosocomial sepsis in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants 501-1000 grams is associated with increased mortality risk, prolonged hospitalization, and increased costs of care. Purpose. The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Design and synthesis of novel tricyclic-bis-enones: a series of highly active inhibitors of nitric oxide production in mouse macrophages.
Alicyclic compounds -- Synthesis. ; Nitric-oxide synthase -- Inhibitors. ; Cyclooxygenases -- Inhibitors. ; Macrophages. ; Oxidoreductases -- Inhibitors. ; Inflammation -- Mediators -- Pathophysiology.
Dartmouth Dissertations

Patient outcomes and clinical decision making in aortic valve replacement.
Outcome assessment (Medical care). ; Aortic valve -- Surgery -- Complications. ; Aortic valve -- Surgery -- New England. ; Cardiovascular instruments Implanted.
Aortic valve disease is a frequent and serious disorder. Although aortic valve replacement (AVR) is arguably the only effective treatment, important issues remain unresolved in the care of patients with this disease. Recent studies have focused...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Attributing change and understanding melt ponds on a seasonal ice cover.
Sea ice -- Arctic Ocean -- Measurement. ; Melt ponds -- Arctic Ocean -- Measurement. ; Sea ice -- Permeability.
Dartmouth Dissertations

Cloning and transcriptional regulation of the genes encoding human stromelysin and stromelysin-2.
Cloning. ; Enzymes.
Dartmouth Dissertations

Regulation of constitutive MMP-1 expression by the ERK signaling cascade in tumor cells.
Metalloproteinases -- Genetic aspects. ; Metalloproteinases -- Pathophysiology. ; Cellular signal transduction. ; Breast -- Cancer -- Genetic aspects. ; Protein kinases -- Genetic aspects. ; Extracellular matrix proteins. ; Extracellular...
Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression is controlled by the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway(s) via the activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and polyoma enhancing activity-3/E26 virus (PEA3/ETS) transcription factors through...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Localized spectroscopic imaging for the detection and discrimination of surgical breast tissue pathologies.
Two localized spectroscopic imaging methods were investigated to detect and discriminate microscopic pathologies at the surface of excised breast tissues in order to improve resection completeness during breast conserving surgery. A scanning in...
Dartmouth Dissertations

The contribution of a single nucleotide polymorphism to endogenous MMP-1 gene expression, and the contribution of MMP-1 expression to breast cancer cell invasion and tumorigenesis.
Genetic polymorphisms. Metalloproteinases -- Genetic aspects. Metalloproteinases -- Pathophysiology. Breast -- Cancer -- Genetic aspects. Carcinogenesis.
Extra cellular matrix (ECM) provides structural support for the body and also contributes to cell proliferation and migration. Modification ECM is an important part of normal physiology, and integral to a variety of pathologies including tumor...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Magnetic resonance poroelastography.
Brain -- Magnetic resonance imaging -- Mathematical models. Brain -- Mechanical properties -- Mathematical models. Elasticity -- Mathematical models.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography (MRE) has emerged as a noninvasive, quantitative physical examination of the elastic properties of soft biological tissues including breast, liver, prostate, and brain. Implementation of constitutive relations that...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Breast cancer cells exploit normal stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment.
Breast -- Cancer. Bone metastasis. Metalloproteinases -- Pathophysiology. Collagenases -- Pathophysiology. Chemokines -- Receptors. Fibroblasts.
Breast cancer mortality results from frequent metastasis to specific vital organs (organotropism), a process facilitated by the collaborative effort put forth between neoplastic epithelial and stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment at the...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Harmonics based detection of magnetic nanoparticle dynamics for multiparameter biosensing
Nanoparticles -- Magnetic properties.;""Harmonics (Electric waves)"";""Biosensors."";""Spectrum analysis."";""Brownian motion processes.""
Magnetic nanoparticles have an increasing role in the clinical and pharmaceutical realms where their physical properties can be exploited for imaging, biological and functional sensing, control of cellular processes, therapeutics, and an array of...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Computational aspect of tomographic microwave imaging for biomedical applications
Microwave imaging (MI) is based on recovering dielectric properties (permittivity and conductivity) of materials. Over the last two decades, MI has attracted increasing interests in biomedical applications, in particular, for breast cancer...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Motion optimized conformal microwave imaging for biomedical applications / by Neil R. Epstein.
Investigations into alternative breast cancer (BC) imaging techniques have become increasingly popular based on the limitations of traditional imaging modalities: X-ray mammography uses ionizing radiation, has limited intrinsic contrast and is...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Combined MRI and near-infrared spectroscopy for increased specificity of breast cancer imaging / by Michael A. Mastanduno.
A yearly breast contrast-MR scan is recommended to high-risk women because of MR's high sensitivity to breast tumors. However, breast contrast-MR yields a high number of false positives that lead to expensive and sometimes unnecessary biopsy...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Acquisition and registration of 3D optical surface scanning, MRI, and microwave tomographic imaging for improved clinical breast imaging and surgical planning / by Matthew John Pallone.
Continual improvements to clinical breast imaging technologies have led to ever earlier detections and increasingly accurate localizations of female breast cancers. While these advancements have certainly improved the prognoses of many patients,...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Understanding the vulnerabilities of tumors : a network-based approach to drug target discovery / by Nadia M. Penrod.
The demand for novel molecularly targeted drugs will continue to rise as we make progress toward personalizing cancer treatments to the molecular signatures of individual tumors. While the collection and analysis of genomic data has become routine,...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Advancement of magnetic resonance poroelastography for applications in brain imaging / by Adam J. Pattison.
Brain tissue mechanics are an important biomarker for neurological disorders, yet methods to obtain tissue information yield inconsistent conclusions. These techniques can be invasive or require excised tissue, where tissue function is altered from...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Endogenous leukocyte activation by chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy / by Paul Spear.
Many protocols for adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) include preparative conditioning strategies to deplete host lymphocytes prior to T cell infusion. Total body irradiation and high-dose chemotherapy regimens not only relieve immunosuppression, but...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Laying a solid foundation for Manhattan : 'setting the functional basis for the post-GWAS era' / by Xiaoyang Zhang
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 8,900 genetic variants, mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), associated with hundreds of human traits and diseases, which define risk-associated loci (Hindorff et al., 2012 ...
Dartmouth Dissertations

The evolution of mate recognition in Oecanthus tree crickets / by Laurel Symes.
Many organisms recognize and respond to categories: predator, prey, rival, or juvenile. Organisms recognize these ecologically-important categories by assessing diverse sensory stimuli. A primary focus of my research has been understanding how...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Characterization of the role of Bacillithiol in Staphylococcus aureus / by Ana Catalina Posada.
As methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) hospitalizations keep increasing, the understanding of the characteristics that make one isolate more successful over another is paramount. Strain variations among Staphylococcus aureus observed...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Coordination of cell proliferation and cell fate determination by C. elegans CES-1 Snail / by Bo Yan.
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their associated cyclins are key regulators of cell cycle progression. Caenorhabditis elegans has two predicted A- type cyclins, encoded by the genes cya-1 and cya-2. Cyclin A has been shown to be required for...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Characterization of the interaction between Staphylococcus aureus and the cystic fibrosis cell line CFT-1.
Cystic fibrosis -- Immunological aspects. Cystic fibrosis -- Genetic aspects. Staphylococcus aureus infections -- Pathogenesis. Epithelial cells. Lungs -- Pathophysiology.
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are susceptible to respiratory tract infections at an early age; with the most frequent initial isolate being the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Subsequently, these patients become chronically...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Dissecting the heterogeneity of breast tumor subtypes / by Nima Pouladi.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. The discovery of breast tumor subtypes and the subsequent development of treatments aimed at them has allowed a reduction in the mortality of breast cancer. However, tumors with similar...
Dartmouth Dissertations

System and methodology for receptor-level fluorescence imaging during surgery / by Kristian Sexton.
Fluorescence molecular imaging will have an important clinical impact in the area of guided oncology surgery, where emerging technologies are poised to provide the surgeon with real-time molecular information to guide resection, using targeted...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Combined digital breast tomosynthesis and near-infrared spectral tomography for breast lesion characterization / by Kelly E. Michaelsen.
Annual screening mammograms are recommended for all women above 40 years of age for early detection of breast cancer, and are known to improve cancer mortality rates. However, mammography is hampered by low sensitivity and a high rate of false...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Identification and characterization of signaling pathways underlying the tumorigenic activity of [Delta]Np63[alpha] in breast cancer stem cells / by Amanda Lynn Balboni.
Studies presented in this dissertation focus on the transcriptional targets and cellular functions of [Delta]Np63[alpha], the predominant TP63 isoform expressed in epithelial stem cell compartments. TP63, a member of the p53 family of...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Temperature effects on food web interactions : from lakes to landscapes / by Samuel Butler Fey.
Temperature has powerful effects on all scales of biological organization from biochemical reactions to ecosystem processes. Despite the well-appreciated influence and thorough understanding of the physiological and population consequences of...
Dartmouth Dissertations

The causes and consequences of regulation of [Delta]NP63[alpha] in mammary and breast cancer stem cells / by Andrew Joseph DeCastro.
Despite the array of targeted therapeutics that currently exist to combat breast cancer, disease progression leading to metastasis, and tumor recurrence still remains a significant clinical challenge. Efforts to identify novel pathways and...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Constitutively activated PI3K signaling accelerates tumor initiation and progression in breast and lung cancers / by Mee Rie Sheen.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a major positive regulator of the PI3K signaling pathway that regulates many important cellular functions including growth, proliferation, survival, metabolism, and angiogenesis. The PIK3CA gene, encoding the...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Quantifying optical tomography methods for biomolecular sensing / by Jennifer-Lynn H. Demers.
Diffuse optical imaging techniques can be combined with standard imaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to allow measurement of spectroscopic signals pertaining to the molecular components of...
Dartmouth Dissertations

The role of gut commensals in regulating susceptibility to acute liver damage / by Stela Celaj.
Liver disease of different etiologies confers significant morbidity and mortality and hence it constitutes a major health concern worldwide. Stemming from a range of causes, such as viral, drug-induced, alcoholic, or autoimmune, the rate of...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Links and regulatory loops between phospholipase C activity and colonization by the O2-responsive regulator Anr in Pseudomonas aeruginosa / by Angelyca A. Jackson.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a virulent opportunistic pathogen that is frequently cultured from infectious sites, and is estimated to cause ~12% of nosocomial infections worldwide [1]. P. aeruginosa infections occur in a majority of adults with the...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Integration of machine learning network science and pathway analysis in genetic epidemiology / by Qinxin Pan.
Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and other high-throughput initiatives have led to an information explosion in human genetics and genetic epidemiology, the mapping from genotype to phenotype remains challenging as most of the...
Dartmouth Dissertations

The role of hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor 1 Alpha in Aspergillus fumigatus-host pathogenesis / by Kelly M. Shedardson.
Advances in medicine such as organ transplantations and cancer therapies involve the use of immunosuppressant drugs have led to rises in at risk patients and invasive fungal infections (IFIs). The filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus is the...
Dartmouth Dissertations

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