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Understanding the role of Toxoplasma gondii secreted rhoptry (ROP) and dense granule (GRA) effector proteins in host-parasite biology using reverse genetics / by Leah M. Rommereim
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular pathogen that is able to survive in a range of hosts due to its repertoire of secreted effector proteins. Utilizing the type I and type II Δku80 strains we engineered a collection of targeted knockout...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Vibrio cholerae H-NS: investigation of regulated genes and structure-function analysis.
Vibrio cholerae -- Genetics. ; DNA-binding proteins. ; Genetic transcription -- Regulation. ; Bacterial proteins.
H-NS, an abundant nucleoid associated protein, has a role in silencing the expression of a variety of environmentally regulated genes during growth under nonpermissive conditions. A genetic approach was used to study H-NS regulation of genes in...
Dartmouth Dissertations

The Vibrio cholerae AraC-like protein ToxT: activation of tcpA expression and domain organization.
Vibrio cholerae -- Molecular genetics. Genetic transcription -- Regulation. Promoters (Genetics). DNA-binding proteins.
ToxT is a member of the AraC/XylS family of transcriptional regulators, and functions to activate expression of virulence genes in the intestinal pathogen Vibrio cholerae. The aim of this research was to investigate the mechanism of ToxT-dependent...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Identification of novel proteins involved in Vibrio cholerae motility.
Vibrio cholerae. Bacteria -- Motility. Flagella (Microbiology) -- Physiology. Membrane proteins.
Dartmouth Dissertations

The regulation and packaging of Cif, a novel virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen of humans and the leading cause of mortality in patients with the inherited disorder cystic fibrosis (CF). The focus of the studies presented herein was characterization of the regulation and...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Role of proteolytic processing of tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] in immunopathology during influenza infection / by Matthew Peter DeBerge.
Influenza virus is a respiratory pathogen that is capable of causing considerable pulmonary pathology and respiratory dysfunction in humans. Seasonal influenza epidemics and the occasional influenza pandemic are responsible for significant...
Dartmouth Dissertations

The role of TonB-dependent receptors and alternate sigma factors in the Bradyrhizobium japonicum/soybean symbiosis.
Rhizobium -- Genetics. Cell receptors. Transcription factors. Bacteria.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum forms a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with soybean. Signaling events, such as production of flavonoids and Nod factor, initiate the interaction, leading to formation of specialized root organs called nodules. A B. japonicum...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Characterization of the interaction between Staphylococcus aureus and the cystic fibrosis cell line CFT-1.
Cystic fibrosis -- Immunological aspects. Cystic fibrosis -- Genetic aspects. Staphylococcus aureus infections -- Pathogenesis. Epithelial cells. Lungs -- Pathophysiology.
Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are susceptible to respiratory tract infections at an early age; with the most frequent initial isolate being the Gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Subsequently, these patients become chronically...
Dartmouth Dissertations

The role of mediator in white-opaque switching / by Anda Zhang.
The multisubunit eukaryotic Mediator complex integrates diverse positive and negative gene regulatory signals and transmits them to the core transcription machinery. It is also involved in chromatin structure related epigenetic silencing through...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Small molecule modulation of morphology and metabolism in Candida albicans / by Allia Kaye Smith
Candida albicans is a fungal species that naturally exists as a commensal member of the human microbiota, but can assume a pathogenic lifestyle and subsequently induce life-threatening systemic infections. The ability of the fungus to grow in...
Dartmouth Dissertations

CD8+ T cell responses to acute and chronic viral infections governed by costimulatory signals and CD4 help.
T cells. T cells -- Receptors. CD antigens. CD4 antigen. Immunologic memory. Herpesvirus diseases -- Immunological aspects. Vaccinia. CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology. CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology. Herpesviridae Infections --...
The phenomenon of immunological memory has been known for thousands of years. This knowledge has been applied to vaccination, which has resulted in a dramatic reduction in the number of deaths due to infectious diseases. Immunological memory is...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Methods for prevention of oral Toxoplasma gondii infection-induced hyperimmune response in mice.
Toxoplasma gondii. ; Biological response modifiers. ; Immune response -- Regulation. ; Toxoplasmosis -- Immunotherapy. ; Interleukin-10 -- therapeutic use. ; Cholera Toxin -- therapeutic use. ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents -- therapeutic use.
Dartmouth Dissertations

Molecular characterization of human deoxyribonuclease II[alpha]: structural determinants of activity and therapeutic implications.
Deoxyribonucleases. ; Deoxyribonucleases -- Therapeutic use. ; Endonucleases -- Genetic aspects. ; Structure-activity relationships (Biochemistry). ; Pichia pastoris -- Cytogenetics. ; Cystic fibrosis -- Chemotherapy.
Dartmouth Dissertations

Iron acquisition and regulation in Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
Rhizobium -- Physiology. Rhizobium -- Genetics. Plants -- Effect of iron on.
Iron is essential in the agriculturally important symbiosis between Bradyrhizobium japonicum and soybean. Studying iron uptake in B. japonicum presents unique challenges in that the organism is found in two very different environments, free living...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Providing evidence and measurement tools to support health care reform in communities.
Community health services -- United States -- Evaluation. ; Health care reform -- United States. ; Medical care -- United States -- Evaluation. ; Evidence-based medicine.
Dartmouth Dissertations

Structural studies of Vibrio cholerae virulence gene regulators.
Vibrio cholerae -- Molecular genetics. ; Virulence (Microbiology) -- Molecular aspects. ; Genetic regulation. ; Viral proteins.
Cholera is a diarrheal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The disease is acquired by oral ingestion of contaminated water or food. In order for Vibrio cholerae to cause the disease cholera, it must produce two important...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Characterization of type IVb pilus components essential for functional TCP of Vibrio cholerae O395, including implications on the hierarchy of microcolony formation and virulence / by Jarrad Matthew Marles.
Vibrio cholerae -- Molecular genetics. ; Pili (Microbiology). ; Virulence (Microbiology) -- Molecular aspects. ; Fimbriae Proteins.
Vibrio cholerae is the etiological agent of the acute intestinal disorder cholera. The source of cholera infection is typically fecal contamination of potable water sources. V. cholerae is able to colonize the host intestine and trigger the onset...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Structure based drug discovery of potent and specific antimicrobial agents for anthrax.
Bacillus cereus. Anti-infective agents -- Design. Enzyme inhibitors -- Therapeutic use. Enzyme inhibitors -- Structure-activity relationships. Folic acid -- Antagonists. Anthrax -- Treatment. Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase.
Infections by pathogenenic microbes are an increasing problem due to a lack of universal vaccines and growing resistance to current antibiotics. The constant battle for researchers in the fight against pathogens is to design new and improved drugs...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Characterization of transporters involved in uptake of choline and other trimethylamine-containing compounds in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa / by Adel A. Malek.
Tumors -- Treatment -- Methodology.;""Nanoparticles -- Therapeutic use."";""Cell receptors."";""Antigenic determinants."";""Neoplasms -- therapy."";""Nanotechnology -- methods."";""Epitopes.""
Dartmouth Dissertations

The P. aeruginosa CRISPR/Cas system and its role in bacteria-bacteriophage interactions
CRISPR/Cas systems are a diverse family of small RNA pathways that are commonly described as a resistance mechanism to infection by lytic bacteriophage and invasion by conjugative plasmids. In the current work we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas systems...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Searching for a hijacked epoxide: structural, mechanisitic, and functional characterization of Cif, a virulence factor secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes a protein that triggers the accelerated degradation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) in airway epithelial cells. This protein, known as the CFTR inhibitory...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Genetic regulation of PBP2 and PBP4 in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus contains 4 native, membrane-bound penicillin-binding proteins (PBP1-4) which are responsible for critical peptidoglycan transglycosylation and transpeptidation reactions in the cell wall. Additionally, PBP2 and PBP4 also...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Natural and engineered metabolism of Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum during growth on plant derived mono- and polysaccharides / by Devin Hedley Currie.
Many microbes thrive in conditions that would be detrimental to human life. These microorganisms have been dubbed extremophiles. Of these, members of a subcategory, termed thermophiles, grow optimally above 45°C. Thermoanaerobacterium...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide peptide mimicry.
Endotoxins -- Immunology. Vibrio cholerae -- Immunology. Mimicry (Chemistry). Antigenic determinants. Peptides -- Immunology. Molecular mimicry -- immunology. Epitopes -- immunology.
The potential of peptide mimics of V. cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to elicit cross-reactive immune responses against LPS was investigated, as an alternative approach towards the development of a cholera vaccine. Peptide mimics of two...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Characterization of the role of Bacillithiol in Staphylococcus aureus / by Ana Catalina Posada.
As methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) hospitalizations keep increasing, the understanding of the characteristics that make one isolate more successful over another is paramount. Strain variations among Staphylococcus aureus observed...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Links and regulatory loops between phospholipase C activity and colonization by the O2-responsive regulator Anr in Pseudomonas aeruginosa / by Angelyca A. Jackson.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a virulent opportunistic pathogen that is frequently cultured from infectious sites, and is estimated to cause ~12% of nosocomial infections worldwide [1]. P. aeruginosa infections occur in a majority of adults with the...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Modulation of swarming motility in Pseudomonas aeruginosa / by Dae Gon Ha.
Swarming motility is a flagella-dependent surface motility, and is also a form of bacterial group behavior. Similar to its counterpart biofilm formation, our understanding of swarming motility has been hampered by its complex set of requirements...
Dartmouth Dissertations

A role for membrane fusion in the activation of the respiratory burst in human neutrophils.
Membrane fusion. Oxidases. Neutrophils.
Dartmouth Dissertations

Cif, a novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections -- Pathogenesis. Hydrolases. Membrane proteins -- Physiological transport. Genetic regulation. Epoxide Hydrolases -- genetics.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality amongst cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Following initial colonization of the CF lung by P. aeruginosa , the bacterium establishes chronic, long-term infections. Chronic P....
Dartmouth Dissertations

Formation and interactions of infectious prions
Prions. ; Proteins -- Conformation. ; Nanoparticles. ; Iron oxides. ; PrPSc Proteins.
Dartmouth Dissertations

Characterization of factors critical for initial stages of Vibrio cholerae intestinal colonization.
Vibrio cholerae -- Molecular genetics. ; Bacteria -- Adhesion. ; Virulence (Microbiology) -- Molecular aspects. ; Pili (Microbiology). ; DNA-binding proteins. ; Cholera -- Pathogenesis.
Vibrio cholerae is the etiologic agent of cholera in humans. Intestinal colonization occurs via ingestion of contaminated food and water and results in symptoms that include the production of the characteristic rice water stool, vomiting, and...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Mechanisms of survival and persistence of Vibrio cholerae.
Vibrio cholerae -- Molecular genetics. ; Pili (Microbiology). ; Proteins -- Secretion. Cholera -- Pathogenesis.
Vibrio cholerae is the etiologic agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera. Colonization of the host environment by V. cholerae requires the type IV toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP). Adequate colonization by V. cholerae is essential for cholera...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Host-epibiont population dynamics.
Daphnia pulex -- Ecology. ; Epibiosis. Host-parasite relationships. ; Euglenoids -- Ecology.
Regulatory linkage between epibiotic organisms and their host zooplankton populations is one of the least understood topics in zooplankton biology, despite the likely importance of epibionts to pelagic communities. These laboratory studies with...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Exploring the role of CD4 T cell help in the generation of CD8+T cell responses against acute and persistent viral infections
T cells -- Receptors. ; Immunologic memory. ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology. ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes -- immunology. ; Vaccinia virus -- immunology. ; Herpesviridae Infections -- immunology.
Dartmouth Dissertations

The ecology of Vibrio cholerae: intra- and interspecific interactions.
Vibrio cholerae -- Ecology. Vibrio cholerae -- Growth. Cyanobacteria -- Ecology.
In this dissertation, I present an examination of the role of two biotic interactions in the population dynamics of Vibrio cholerae. Traits with a genetic basis such as size, physiological processes, stress tolerance, and even behavior, are key...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Neuronal interferon signaling : implications for HSV-1 replication and pathogenesis / by Pamela Rosato
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong latent infections in the sensory neurons of the trigeminal ganglia (TG) wherein it retains the capacity to reactivate. The interferon (IFN)-driven antiviral response is critical for the control of...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Harnassing natural killer cell receptors for tumor immunotherapy / by Ming-Ru Wu
Despite all the efforts and progress in cancer research, cancer remains a devastating disease. After more than 120 years of research, immunotherapy provides a realistic hope to cure cancer. Several formats of immunotherapy, such as...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Novel approaches to targeting innate immunity for cancer immunotherapy / by Patrick H. Lizotte
Many kinds of cancer, and almost universally metastatic cancer, are refractory to treatment by conventional methods: surgery, radiation, and non-specific cytotoxic chemotherapy. The dawn of the age of personalized medicine presaged 15 years ago...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Interrogation of autolysins as a source of novel bacteriolytic agents / by Daniel Carmen Osipovitch
Staphylococcus aureus is a formidable pathogen, and its high morbidity and mortality rates are compounded by its ability to quickly develop antibiotic resistance. The current antimicrobial pipeline is inadequate to curb this mounting public health...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Specificity in signaling : bacterial decision-making through the cyclic diguanylate second messenger / by Kurt M. Dahlstrom
Cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) is a primarily bacterial and nearly universal second messenger used to stimulate a variety of responses from the cell by binding effector proteins. It is created by enzymes called diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and broken...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Determinants of the il-1β response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa / by Yash R. Patankar
IL-1β is a potent proinflammatory cytokine produced in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. While it is appreciated that IL-1β is a critical modulator of the host response to P. aeruginosa infection, the host and bacterial determinants...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Uncovering the mechanisms controlling metal micronutrient homeostasis in plants / by Amanda L. Socha
As the human population increases, it is imperative that we develop strategies to improve agricultural productivity to meet the growing demand for food, fuel and fiber. More than 2 billion people suffer from "hidden hunger" (a lack of essential...
Dartmouth Dissertations

The dual role of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type I-F CRISPR-Cas system in group behavior modification and viral immunity / by Gary E. Heussler
CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR associated) systems have been characterized as adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea, providing defense against mobile genetic elements, including bacteriophage,...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Plasmodium falciparum SERA protein transgenics used in the study of parasite immunobiology and drug resistance.
Plasmodium falciparum -- Immunological aspects. ; Plasmodium falciparum -- Genetics. ; Toxoplasma gondii -- Genetics. ; Serine proteinases. ; Transgenic organisms. ; Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Genetic aspects.
Genetic and immunological tools have been used to study two protozoan parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii provides an excellent model for the study of protozoan parasite biology. Plasmodium falciparum causes...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Glutaredoxins and CPF: the backbone dynamics, resonance assignments, secondary structure, and isotopic labeling of DNA and proteins.
Genetic transcription -- Regulation. ; Glutaredoxin. ; Vaccinia -- Genetics. ; Escherichia coli -- Genetics. ; DNA-protein interactions.
Dartmouth Dissertations

Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis: molecular mechanisms of colonization.
Vibrio cholerae -- Molecular genetics. ; Bacteria -- Adhesion. ; Virulence (Microbiology). ; Cholera -- Pathogenesis. ; Pili (Microbiology).
Vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that causes the severe diarrheal disease cholera. Several bacterial factors have been identified that are critical for V. cholerae intestinal colonization. The best characterized of these...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Iron acquisition in Bradyrhizobium japonicum.
Rhizobium -- Physiology. ; Plants -- Effect of iron on.
Dartmouth Dissertations

Mechanism of cleavage of the TcpA prepilin by the type 4 prepilin peptidase, TcpJ, of Vibrio cholerae.
Vibrio cholerae -- Molecular genetics. ; Peptidase -- Pathophysiology. ; Proteolytic enzymes.
Type 4 prepilins and prepilin-like-proteins are secreted by a wide range of bacterial species and are required for a variety of functions including type 4 pilus (Tfp) formation, toxin and other enzyme secretion, gene transfer, and biofilm...
Dartmouth Dissertations

Expression and recovery of recombinant proteins in a novel high cell density prokaryotic system based on Ralstonia eutropha.
Ralstonia -- Biotechnology. Microbial biotechnology. Industrial microbiology. Recombinant proteins -- Synthesis. Recombinant Proteins -- Biosynthesis.
Escherichia coli is the standard host for recombinant protein expression in bacteria, but suffers from some limitations (e.g. poor fermentation performance, inclusion body formation and proteolysis). A novel recombinant protein expression system,...
Dartmouth Dissertations

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